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Hybridization and Sigma and Pi Bonds: Flashcards

Revise sp³, sp² and sp hybridization, electron domains and counting sigma and pi bonds.

10 cardsIntermediate

10 cards

  1. Question
    What is hybridization?
    Answer

    The mixing of an atom's valence orbitals to form an equal number of identical hybrid orbitals pointing towards the bonds.

  2. Question
    Which hybridization goes with 4, 3 and 2 electron domains?
    Answer

    4 → sp³ (109.5°), 3 → sp² (120°), 2 → sp (180°)

  3. Question
    How many hybrid and unhybridized p orbitals does an sp² atom have?
    Answer

    3 sp² hybrids and 1 unhybridized p orbital.

  4. Question
    What is a sigma (σ) bond?
    Answer

    A bond formed by head-on overlap of orbitals along the line between the nuclei. Every single bond is σ.

  5. Question
    What is a pi (π) bond?
    Answer

    A bond formed by side-on overlap of parallel p orbitals, above and below the bond axis.

  6. Question
    What bonds make up a double bond and a triple bond?
    Answer

    Double: 1σ + 1π. Triple: 1σ + 2π.

  7. Question
    What is the hybridization of carbon in ethene and in ethyne?
    Answer

    Ethene: sp². Ethyne: sp.

  8. Question
    What is the hybridization of N in NH₃?
    Answer

    sp³: 3 bonds + 1 lone pair = 4 domains.

  9. Question
    Why can't groups rotate freely about a C=C double bond?
    Answer

    Rotation would break the side-on overlap of the π bond.

  10. Question
    How many σ and π bonds are in CH₃COOH?
    Answer

    7 σ and 1 π.