Chemistry Clarity · chemistryclarity.com
How reactions really happen
Step-by-step guides to the organic reactions and mechanisms students find hardest, with curved arrows, the reasons behind each step, and where the reactions are used.
One step or two? How to predict which mechanism a haloalkane follows, and why it matters.
Nucleophilic substitution step by step: curved arrows, rate laws, stereochemistry, and the four factors (substrate, nucleophile, solvent, leaving group) that decide between SN1 and SN2.
Why HBr adds to propene the way it does, explained by carbocation stability.
The two-step mechanism of electrophilic addition, curved arrows, why the more stable carbocation wins (Markovnikov's rule), and the bromonium ion in bromine addition.