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Functional Groups: Flashcards

Revise the main functional groups, their name endings, ester naming, hydrogen bonding and esterification.

10 cardsIntermediate

10 cards

  1. Question
    What is a functional group?
    Answer

    An atom or group of atoms that gives a family of organic compounds its typical reactions and properties.

  2. Question
    Alcohol: group and name ending?
    Answer

    –OH; ending -ol (ethanol, CH₃CH₂OH).

  3. Question
    Aldehyde vs ketone?
    Answer

    Both have C=O. Aldehyde: at the end of the chain, –CHO, ending -al (ethanal). Ketone: inside the chain, ending -one (propanone).

  4. Question
    Carboxylic acid: group and name ending?
    Answer

    –COOH; ending -oic acid (ethanoic acid, CH₃COOH). The COOH carbon counts in the chain.

  5. Question
    How is an ester named?
    Answer

    Alkyl group from the alcohol + acid name ending in -oate: ethanol + ethanoic acid → ethyl ethanoate.

  6. Question
    Amine: group and name ending?
    Answer

    –NH₂; ending -amine (ethanamine, CH₃CH₂NH₂).

  7. Question
    Why does ethanol (78 °C) boil far higher than methoxymethane (−24 °C), with the same formula?
    Answer

    Ethanol has an O–H bond, so its molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other; methoxymethane has no O–H.

  8. Question
    Esterification: the general equation?
    Answer

    Carboxylic acid + alcohol ⇌ ester + water (acid catalyst, e.g. a few drops of concentrated H₂SO₄).

  9. Question
    Give two functional group isomers of C₃H₆O.
    Answer

    Propanal (aldehyde, CH₃CH₂CHO) and propanone (ketone, CH₃COCH₃).

  10. Question
    What does oxidizing a primary alcohol give?
    Answer

    An aldehyde, then a carboxylic acid: ethanol → ethanal → ethanoic acid.