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Acids and Bases: Flashcards

Revise acid and base definitions, conjugate pairs, strong vs weak and neutralization.

11 cardsBeginner

11 cards

  1. Question
    What is a Brønsted–Lowry acid?
    Answer

    A proton (HX+\ce{H+}) donor.

  2. Question
    What is a Brønsted–Lowry base?
    Answer

    A proton (HX+\ce{H+}) acceptor.

  3. Question
    What is an Arrhenius acid?
    Answer

    A substance that produces HX+\ce{H+} (more precisely HX3OX+\ce{H3O+}) ions when dissolved in water.

  4. Question
    What is the hydronium ion?
    Answer

    HX3OX+\ce{H3O+}: a proton attached to a water molecule.

  5. Question
    What is the conjugate base of HCl\ce{HCl}?
    Answer

    ClX−\ce{Cl-} (HCl minus one H⁺)

  6. Question
    What is the conjugate acid of NHX3\ce{NH3}?
    Answer

    NHX4X+\ce{NH4+} (NH₃ plus one H⁺)

  7. Question
    What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?
    Answer

    A strong acid ionizes completely in water; a weak acid ionizes only partly.

  8. Question
    Is "strong" the same as "concentrated"?
    Answer

    No. Strong = how completely it ionizes. Concentrated = how much is dissolved per volume.

  9. Question
    Why is ammonia a base even though it has no OHX−\ce{OH-}?
    Answer

    It accepts a proton: NHX3+HX2O⇌NHX4X++OHX−\ce{NH3 + H2O <=> NH4+ + OH-}

  10. Question
    What are the products of a neutralization reaction?
    Answer

    A salt and water, e.g. HCl+NaOH→NaCl+HX2O\ce{HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O}

  11. Question
    What does "amphoteric" mean?
    Answer

    Able to act as an acid or as a base. Water is amphoteric.